Compulsory Courses (Hydrogeology)

HYD 251 Hydrology 2 3 3
Hydrologic cycle and its components: Precipitation, Evapo-transpiration, Runoff, Infiltration: Basin and its parameters, Measurement and analysis of hydrologic variables; Hydrograph analysis; Precipitation-Runoff relationship; Infiltration analyses; Water budget, Basin models; Applications of Hydrology (Flood hydrology, Design of hydraulic structures; Sedimentation and erosion)

HYD 52 Fluid Mechanics 2 2 3
Properties of fluids; Dimensional analysis; Fluid kinematics; Lagrange's and Euler's approaches; Velocity and types of derivatives; Acceleration, Trajectory and flow line, Deformation types, Fluid dynamics; Strain, System and control volume approaches, Reynold's transfer theory, Integral and differential methods, Basic equations; Distribution of hydrostatic pressure, Pressure forces, Flow in pipes; Types of flow, Velocity distribution, Energy and head losses, Flow in open channels: Types of flow, energy.

HYD 253 Principles of Thermodynamics 2 0 2
System, State and state functions; Work and heat; First Law of Thermodynamics, Measurement of internal energy exchange; Entalpy, Heat capacity, Entalpy-temperature relationship; Entrophy and the Second Law; Absolute entropy and the Third Law; Free energy; Equilibrium constant, Equilibrium-temperature relationship, Phase Rule, Phase diagrams.

HYD 254 Hydraulics of Porous Medium 2 0 2
Porous medium and continuity approach, Potential head and hydraulic head concepts, Forces affecting fluid in porous medium, Static and dynamics of fluid in porous medium, Fundamental flow equations for porous medium. Fundamental equations for unsaturated zone, Effects of medium and water upon the flow of groundwater. Analytical solution techniques and applications.

HYD 350 Hydrogeochemistry 2 2 3
Properties of water as a solvent; Hydrochemical circulation; Basic Chemistry; Carbonate system and pH control; Clay minerals and cation exchange; Adsorption; Organic compounds in natural waters; Redox equilirium in natural waters; Heavy metals; Silicate equilibrium; Chemical kinetics; Weathering and water chemistry; Isotopes; Reaction and transport models.

HYD 351 Physical Hydrogeology 2 3 3
Occurrence and properties of groundwater; Groundwater geology: Occurrence of groundwater in sedimentary, magmatic and metamorphic rocks, Role of lithology, stratigraphy and structural geology; Physical and hydraulic properties of the aquifers; Porosity, transmissivity and storage properties; Groundwater flow: Darcy's Law; Groundwater flow in confined and unconfined aquifers; Flow nets; Steady and unsteady flow; Solution to flow equations; Groundwater wells and well hydraulics; Determination of aquifer characteristics by means of pumping tests; Regional groundwater flow; recharge and discharge areas; Surface and subsurface research techniques; Groundwater flow models; Groundwater related problems.

HYD 352 Applied Hydrogeology 1 2 2
Determination of geohydrologic parameters: Porosity, specific yield, transmissivity, hydraulic conductivity, infiltration, dispersivity; Determination of hydrogeochemical parameters: sampling, measurement of physical and chemical parameters in the field; Mapping and presentation of parameters: Hydrogeologic maps, Vulnerability maps.

HYD 353 Transport Processes 2 0 2
Mechanics of transport: transport via advection, diffusion, dispersion, conduction and convection; Momentum, Energy and Basic Laws of Solute Transport: Newton, Fourier and Fick Laws: Advection, Dispersion/diffusion equations; Conduction/convection equations; Properties and determination of dispersion and conduction parameters; Mixing in transport process; Reaction, adsorption/retardation and radioactivity: Solutions to transport equations with Analytical and numerical methods.

HYD 354 Statistical Hydrology 3 0 3
Probability and statistics; Distribution functions used in hydrology; Statistical tests and transformations; Correlation and Linear regression analysis; Autocorrelation; Variogram analyses; Time series (Spectral analysis, filters, trend analysis); Multi-variate analysis techniques: Cluster analysis, Principal components, and factor analysis; Introduction to Geostatistics (Triangulation, gridding and surface interpolation techniques); Stochastic analysis in hydrology.

HYD 356 Geophysical Methods in Hydrogeology 2 2 3
Geophysical methods applied in hydrogeology (resistivity, SP, Ip, Seismic, gravity): Well geophysics: SP, resistvity, nuclear, sonic, conductivity, caliper and temperature logs, Log interpretation techniques.

HYD 451 Groundwater Engineering 2 2 3
Surface and underground research techniques; Basin/aquifer recharge; Determination of groundwater potential; Safe yield approach, Groundwater level fluctuations: Applications of groundwater engineering: Groundwater wells: drilling, construction, development, pumping test and pump selection, Groundwater irrigation projects, groundwater drainage, artificial recharge, potable water structures and design of potable water projects, Salt water intrusion

HYD 452 Environmental Hydrogeology 3 0 3
Classification of water resources (Surface waters: river, lake, wetland; Groundwater: granular, fractured, karstic and geothermal). Environmental problems related to quantity (Drought, Flooding, Over-pumping, Subsidence, Mining, Water structures, Urbanization, Geothermal); Environmental problems related to quality (Types of pollutants, their sources and effects, Natural pollutants: Atmospheric, hydrologic, lithologic, biologic. Anthropogenic pollutants: Domestic, agricultural, industrial, domestic, geothermal); Protection methods and zones.

HYD 454 Water Resources Management 3 0 3
Planning and project design; Water resources economy; Cost/benefit analysis; Optimization, Multi-purpose projects, Basin approach in development of water resources, Optimum management of surface and groundwater resources, Water quality management, Groundwater law and regulation.

Courses Given By Other Departments

FIZ 111 Physics Laboratory I 0 3 1
Measurements, force and acceleration, centripetal force, potential energy in spring, collisions in two dimensions, index of refraction, standing waves, surface tension, air track, interference and diffraction.

FIZ 134 Physics I 4 0 4
Measurement, vectors, motion in one and two dimensions, particle dynamics, work and energy, dynamics of particle systems, collisions, rotational kinematics and dynamics, equilibrium of rigid bodies, oscillations, fluid mechanics, waves in elastic media, sound waves.

FIZ 144 Physics II 4 0 4
Temperature, heat and first law of thermodynamics, kinetic theory of gases, entropy and second law of thermodynamics, charge and matter, electric field, Gauss’s law, electric potential, capacitors, current and resistance, electromotive force and circuits, magnetic field, Ampere’s law, Faraday’s law, electromagnetic waves, geometric optics, interference, diffraction, light and quantum physics, waves and particles, nuclear physics.

KIM 109 Chemistry I 4 0 4
Stochiometry, principles of atomic theory, properties of gases and solid, liquids and solutions, chemical equilibrium, ionic equilibrium in aqueous solutions, oxidation-reduction reactions, chemical thermodynamics.

KIM 110 Chemistry II 4 0 4
Chemical kinetics, atomic structure, chemical bound, properties of periodical chart, elements of group I-IV, non-metal elements, intermediate elements, organic chemistry, biochemistry.

KIM 119 Chemistry Laboratory I 0 3 1
Physical properties of matter, preparation of laboratory samples for analysis, weighing, solubility and solutions, titration and preparation of standard solutions, preparation and filtration, separation techniques.

MAT 123 Mathematics I 4 2 5
Precalculus, functions and limits, derivatives, further applications of differentiation. Inverse functions, vectors in the plain. Conic sections. System of linear equation and matrices. Determinants.

MAT 124 Mathematics II 4 2 5
Vectors in three dimensions and solid analytic geometry. Integrals. Logarithms and expotantials. Methods of integration. Further applications of integration.

ENG 123 Reading Skills I 2 0 2
The Students are required to study reading texts on various subjects in this course. The objectives aimed are finding the relationship between the texts, the title and/or the accompanying pictures, skimming for gist, scanning words, sentence, paragraphs and the whole text, making inferences distinguishing the main idea and the supporting details, understanding the text through cohesive devices, understanding the chronological sequence in the text, completing a document (a graph, a chart, a diagram, etc), and jig-saw reading.

ENG 124 Reading Skills II 2 0 2
The Students are required to study advanced reading texts on various subjects in this course. The objectives aimed are understanding the communicative and functional values of the text, understanding comparisons, contrast, classifications in a text, matching the text, matching the texts with corresponding diagrams, tables, charts, using the information in the text to make discussions and summarizing understanding and evaluating the information given in a text by comparing several of them on the same subject, note-taking, discriminating between facts and opinions, and understanding the writer’s intention.

BIL 101 Basic Information Technologies Usage 1 3 2
Introduction to Information Technologies: Information Society, Computer Hardware, Data and Information, System and Application Softwares, Data Storage and access, Information Systems, Information Exchange Standarts, Computer Networks, ınformation Technologies Applications. Computer and Network Hardware. Hardware units. System Software:system, programming language Compilers, data management systems. Office Softwares World processing and worksheet softsheet softwares (MS-World and MS-Excel) usage. İnternet:: overview of internet and WWW, Searvhing and surfing the internet, Using basic internet services.

BIL 292 Introduction to Computer Programming 3 0 3
Introduction to computers, solution of simple problems by using computers, problems related with arrays, programming examples by BASIC programming language.

MTK 203 Differential Equations 4 0 4
First order differential equations, physical applications, Clairaut equations, Lagrange equation, Higher order Linear differential equations and their solutions, solution of linear differential equations using power series, solutions around of simple point and singular point neighborhood, Bessel equations and Bessel functions, linear equations, theorems on existence and uniqueness of solutions, Sturm-Liauville boundary problems.

MTK 331 Numerical Analysis I 4 0 4
Errors of numerical computation, computation of roots of polynomials, solution of linear equations, solutions of non-linear equations, characteristic value and vectors, finite differences, numerical interpolation and interpolation formulas.

Elective Courses

HYD 461 Hydrogeologic Research Tools 2 0 2
Instruments used in hydrogeologic research; Global positioning system; Map coordinate systems; Topographical instruments and measurements; Geoelectric instruments and measurements; Water quality instruments and measurements; Limnological instruments and measurements; Chemical analysis instruments; X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence; Electron microscopy; Atomic absorption; Inductively coupled plasma furmace; Mass spectrometry; Groundwater tracing instruments

HYD 462 Project Work 0 3 1
The students are requested to perform a complete work related to either theoretical, experimental and/or applied hydrogeology including all stages (literature search, compilation and gathering of data, analyses and evaluation and interpretation of data) and submit a report written in accordance with scientific writing and presentation rules to their supervisor.

HYD 463 Geothermal Resources 2 0 2
The concept of the geothermal resource; The terms related to geothermal resources and explanations; The hydrogeological properties and classification of the geothermal fields; The exploitation and development studies in geothermal areas; The utilization of the geothermal energy: Electricity production, heating and balneological applications; The geological and hydrogeological properties of the major geothermal fields in Turkey and the World.

HYD 464 Thermal and Mineral Waters 2 0 2
Fundamental concepts; Classification of hot and mineral waters; Their formation and origin; Geochemistry of hor and mineral waters; Geothermal research and development; Geisers; Utilization from geothermal fluids.

HYD 465 Irrigation and Drainage 2 0 2
Irrigation Methods; Irrigation Water Requirement and Soil Properties; Sources and Storage of Irrigation Water; Groundwater for Irrigation; Conveyance of Irrigation Water; Drainage of Irrigated Lands; Principles of Drainage; Surface Drainage; Subsurface Drainage; Design of Open Ditch; Drain and Gallery

HYD 466 Water Quality and Control 2 0 2
Pollution; Types of pollution in surface and groundwater resources; Measurement of pollutant concentration; Spread and monitoring of pollution; Physical and chemical processes affecting pollutant concentration; Prevention and remediation of pollution, Technologies used in remediation of pollution.

HYD 467 Environmental Problems 2 0 2
General view of environmental problems; Factors contributing these problems; Engineering approaches in solution of environment problems; Identification of intake medium; Interactions among water, soil and air systems; Quality criteria for intake medium; Definition and source of pollutants; Their effect upon intake medium; Transport and distribution of pollutants; Control methods; Intake media; Pollutant discharge standards.

HYD 468 Hydrogeology of Turkey 2 0 2
Hydrogeological properties of the geological formations of Turkey; The distribution and the hydrochemical characteristics of the alluvium, fractured and karstic aquifers in Turkey; The hydrogeology of the major basins; Artificial recharge studies; Saline water intrusion and contamination problems; The potential of the hydraulic energy in Turkey; The regulations of surface and ground waters.

HYD 469 Karst Hydrogeology 3 0 3
Definition of terms and concepts related to karst and karstification, Outline of karstic features/landforms, Description of karstification processes; Geological controls of karstification; Solubility of carbonate rocks, Geomorphologic features of karst, Hydrologic and hydrogeologic analysis of karstic terrains, Problems encountered in karstic terrains and Research techniques in karst, Importance of karst hydrogeology for Turkey and Introduction to Karst of Turkey.

HYD 470 Environmental Impact Assessment 2 0 2
Purpose and scope of Environmental Impact Assessment studies; Regulations; Mathematical analysis in EIA studies including soil, air and water quality; Preparation of EIA Report; Case studies.

HYD 471 Hydraulic Tests of Aquifers 2 2 3
Planning of aquifer test; Determination of aquifer parameters via pumping test analysis; Aquifer types (Unconfined, confined, leaky); Boundary conditions; Flow conditions (steady, unsteady); Slug tests, Determination of transport parameters by means tracing experiments.

HYD 472 Hydrogeologic Models 2 2 3
Modeling and model types; Numerical analysis methods; Mathematical models of groundwater and solute transport processes; Conceptual models; Boundary and initial conditions; Calibration and parameter estimation; Computer codes for groundwater and solute transport and their applications.

HYD 474 Introduction to Geographic Information Systems 2 2 3
Geographic information systems (GIS), Geographic data, Coordinate systems and map projections, Maps, Cartographic and GIS data structures, Data base and data processing (error analysis, edge matching), Spatial analysis, Length, area, shape and distance measurements, Classification, Surface analysis, Modeling, GIS computer codes and their use in Hydrology: Determination of basin's boundary and drainage pattern, GIS based hydrologic models, Water budget models.

HYD 476 Hydraulic Structures 2 0 2
Main components of dam; Reservoir and diversion structures; Role of earth sciences in design of storage and diversion structures; Water transmission structures; Pipe, canal and channel types; Solving transmission problems; Drop; Surge tank; Check; Ventilation box; Pipe-line construction; Water tanks; Planning and Design of water supply and irrigation networks; Cost analysis; Design and construction of Capture Structure; Concrete preparation.